Dovecot (Ubuntu 16.04): Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
(22 dazwischenliegende Versionen desselben Benutzers werden nicht angezeigt) | |||
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== Installation == | == Installation == | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
sudo apt-get install -y dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d dovecot-mysql | sudo apt-get install -y dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d dovecot-mysql dovecot-lmtpd | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Zeile 82: | Zeile 79: | ||
Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf</code>: | Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf</code>: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
sudo | sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Zeile 98: | Zeile 95: | ||
In der Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext</code> folgende Zeile ausbessern / einkommentieren: | In der Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext</code> folgende Zeile ausbessern / einkommentieren: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
sudo | sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Zeile 111: | Zeile 108: | ||
Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext</code>: | Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext</code>: | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
sudo | sudo vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
{{note|'126' is 'gid' and 'uid' of user 'vmail'}} | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
Zeile 118: | Zeile 117: | ||
driver = mysql | driver = mysql | ||
connect = host=localhost dbname= | connect = host=localhost dbname=postfix user=postfix password=<password> | ||
default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT | default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT | ||
password_query = SELECT local_part, domain, password FROM mailbox WHERE local_part = '%n' AND domain = '%d' | |||
user_query = SELECT ('126') as 'uid', ('126') as 'gid' | |||
</pre> | |||
=== SASL / LMTP === | |||
Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf</code>: | |||
<pre> | |||
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
service lmtp { | |||
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp { | |||
mode = 0660 | |||
group = postfix | |||
user = postfix | |||
} | |||
user = vmail | |||
} | |||
service auth { | |||
unix_listener auth-userdb { | |||
mode = 0666 | |||
user = vmail | |||
group = vmail | |||
} | |||
# Postfix smtp-auth | |||
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { | |||
mode = 0666 | |||
user = postfix | |||
group = postfix | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</pre> | |||
=== Mail-Ordner automatisch erstellen === | |||
Standardmäßig werden Ordner nict automatisch angelegt. Dazu muss die Datei ''/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf'' angepaßt werden: | |||
<pre> | |||
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Bei allen Ordnern ''auto=create'' hinzufügen: | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
namespace inbox { | |||
# These mailboxes are widely used and could perhaps be created automatically: | |||
mailbox Drafts { | |||
special_use = \Drafts | |||
auto=create | |||
} | |||
mailbox Junk { | |||
special_use = \Junk | |||
auto=create | |||
} | |||
mailbox Trash { | |||
special_use = \Trash | |||
auto=create | |||
} | |||
# For \Sent mailboxes there are two widely used names. We'll mark both of | |||
# them as \Sent. User typically deletes one of them if duplicates are created. | |||
mailbox Sent { | |||
special_use = \Sent | |||
auto=create | |||
} | |||
mailbox "Sent Messages" { | |||
special_use = \Sent | |||
auto=create | |||
} | |||
} | |||
</pre> | |||
=== Allgemein === | |||
Datei <code>/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf</code>: | |||
<pre> | |||
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf | |||
</pre> | |||
<pre> | |||
# Enable installed protocols | |||
!include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol | |||
listen = *, :: | |||
base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/ | |||
# Greeting message for clients | |||
login_greeting = Dovecot ready. | |||
!include conf.d/*.conf | |||
!include_try local.conf | |||
postmaster_address = <valid mail address> | |||
# PassDB SQL | |||
passdb { | |||
driver = sql | |||
args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext | |||
} | |||
</pre> | |||
== Dovecot neustarten == | |||
<pre> | |||
sudo service dovecot restart | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
== Probleme == | |||
=== [private/dovecot-lmtp]: No such file or directory) === | |||
Das Paket <code>dovecot-lmtpd</code> war nicht installiert: | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
sudo apt-get install dovecot-lmtpd | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Zeile 137: | Zeile 247: | ||
[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Dovecot_2/ https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Dovecot_2/] | [https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Dovecot_2/ https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Dovecot_2/] | ||
Weiter zu [[Postfix (Ubuntu 16.04)|Postfix]] | |||
Zurück zu [[Mailserver einrichten (Ubuntu 16.04)|Mailserver einrichten]] | Zurück zu [[Mailserver einrichten (Ubuntu 16.04)|Mailserver einrichten]] |
Aktuelle Version vom 20. März 2018, 23:53 Uhr
Installation
sudo apt-get install -y dovecot-core dovecot-imapd dovecot-pop3d dovecot-mysql dovecot-lmtpd
Virtuellen Benutzer anlegen
sudo addgroup --system --no-create-home --disabled-login --gid 126 vmail sudo adduser --system --no-create-home --disabled-login --uid 126 --ingroup vmail vmail
Konfiguration
SSL Zertifikat
Hilfe zu Erstellung eines SSL-Zertifikates siehe SSL Zertifikat
Erstelltes Zertifikat in der Datei /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf eintragen.
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf
ssl = required ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.crt ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/apache.key
Key und Zeritikat müssen für den Benutzer vmail lesbar sein:
sudo chmod a+r /etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.crt sudo chmod a+r /etc/ssl/private/apache.key
Speicherort der Mails
Für die beschriebene Installation werden virtuelle Benutzer verwendet. Virtuelle Benutzer sind Benutzer, die sich nicht am System anmelden können.
Zuerst erstellen wir ein Grundverzeichnis, das dem Benutzer vmail
gehört. Hier werden später in den entsprechenden Unterverzeichnissen die Mails einsortiert.
sudo mkdir /var/vmail/ sudo chown vmail:vmail /var/vmail/
Das Mailverzeichnis wird in der Datei /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf eingetragen:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = maildir:/var/vmail/%d/%n mail_privileged_group = vmail # 126 = uid of user vmail first_valid_uid = 126
Weiters wird hier noch das empfohlene Format maildir verwendet, was durch die Voranstellung von maildir: vor dem Pfad gekennzeichnet wird.
%d wird dann im laufenden Betrieb durch die Damain und %n durch den Benutzernamen ersetzt.
Benutzer Authentifizierung
Anlegen eines Benutzergrundverzeichnisses, das dem Benutzer vmail gehört (Benutzer mail muss darauf auch Schreibrechte haben - daher zur Gruppe hinzufügen)
sudo mkdir /home/vmail/ sudo chown vmail:vmail /home/vmail/
Datei /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
disable_plaintext_auth = yes auth_mechanisms = plain login # Folgende Zeile auskommentieren: # !include auth-system.conf.ext # Folgende Zeile einkommentieren: !include auth-sql.conf.ext
In der Datei /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext
folgende Zeile ausbessern / einkommentieren:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext
# Database driver: mysql, pgsql, sqlite userdb { driver = static args = uid=vmail gid=vmail home=/home/vmail/%u }
Datei /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
'126' is 'gid' and 'uid' of user 'vmail'
# Database driver: mysql, pgsql, sqlite driver = mysql connect = host=localhost dbname=postfix user=postfix password=<password> default_pass_scheme = SHA512-CRYPT password_query = SELECT local_part, domain, password FROM mailbox WHERE local_part = '%n' AND domain = '%d' user_query = SELECT ('126') as 'uid', ('126') as 'gid'
SASL / LMTP
Datei /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
service lmtp { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp { mode = 0660 group = postfix user = postfix } user = vmail } service auth { unix_listener auth-userdb { mode = 0666 user = vmail group = vmail } # Postfix smtp-auth unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { mode = 0666 user = postfix group = postfix } }
Mail-Ordner automatisch erstellen
Standardmäßig werden Ordner nict automatisch angelegt. Dazu muss die Datei /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf angepaßt werden:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-mailboxes.conf
Bei allen Ordnern auto=create hinzufügen:
namespace inbox { # These mailboxes are widely used and could perhaps be created automatically: mailbox Drafts { special_use = \Drafts auto=create } mailbox Junk { special_use = \Junk auto=create } mailbox Trash { special_use = \Trash auto=create } # For \Sent mailboxes there are two widely used names. We'll mark both of # them as \Sent. User typically deletes one of them if duplicates are created. mailbox Sent { special_use = \Sent auto=create } mailbox "Sent Messages" { special_use = \Sent auto=create } }
Allgemein
Datei /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
:
sudo vi /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
# Enable installed protocols !include_try /usr/share/dovecot/protocols.d/*.protocol listen = *, :: base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/ # Greeting message for clients login_greeting = Dovecot ready. !include conf.d/*.conf !include_try local.conf postmaster_address = <valid mail address> # PassDB SQL passdb { driver = sql args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext }
Dovecot neustarten
sudo service dovecot restart
Probleme
[private/dovecot-lmtp]: No such file or directory)
Das Paket dovecot-lmtpd
war nicht installiert:
sudo apt-get install dovecot-lmtpd
Links
https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Dovecot_2/
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